Showing all 120 results

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  Adam Smith (1723-1790) Scottish economist, philosopher, author and moral philosopher

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  Admiral Robert Blake (1598-1657) important military commander of the Commonwealth of England and one of the most famous English admirals of the 17th century

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  Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer

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  Ambroise Paré (c.1510 -1590) French barber surgeon who served four French kings and is considered one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology

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  Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) influential Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice

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  Andrew Thaddeus Bonaventure Kosciuszko (1746 -1817) Polish-Lithuanian military engineer, statesman, and military leader who became a national hero in Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, and the United States

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  Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) French nobleman and chemist, central to the 18th-century chemical revolution who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and biology

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  Antonio Allegri da Correggio (1489-1534) the foremost painter of the Parma school of the Italian Renaissance

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  Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (1617-1682) Spanish Baroque painter

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  Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who formalised the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature

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  Catherine II (1729-1796) also known as Catherine the Great, born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country’s longest-ruling female leader

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  Charles James Fox (1749-1806) prominent British Whig statesman who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger

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  Charles V (1500-1558) ruler of both the Spanish Empire (as Charles I) from 1516, the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506

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  Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) English trader, writer, journalist, pamphleteer and spy, most famous for his novel Robinson Crusoe

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  Dante Alighieri (c1265 – 1321) Italian poet whose Divine Comedy is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages

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  David Hume (1711-1776) Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist

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  Donato Bramante (1444-1514) Italian architect who introduced Renaissance architecture to Milan and the High Renaissance style to Rome, with his plan for St. Peter’s Basilica

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  Dr. Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) English inventor who graduated from Oxford University very early and went on to invent the power loom

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  Edmund Halley, FRS (1656-1742) English astronomer, geophysicist, mathematician, meteorologist and physicist

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  Edmund Spenser (1553-1599) English poet best known for the epic poem The Faerie Queene

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  Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) English historian, writer and Member of Parliament

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  Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II

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  Edward Jenner (1749 -1823) English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world’s first vaccine

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  Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561-1626) English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author

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  Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros(1436-1517) also known as Ximenes de Cisneros, was a Spanish cardinal, religious figure, statesman and Grand Inquisitor

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  François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (1651-1715) French Roman Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet and writer

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  Frederick II (1712-1786) King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786 who re-organized the Prussian army, won many military victories and encouraged the arts and the Enlightenment in Prussia

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  Frederick William Herschel (1738-1822) German-British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel and father of Sir John Frederick William Herschel (1792-1871)

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  George Buchanan (1506–1582) Scottish historian and humanist scholar

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  George Washington (1732-1799) American statesman, soldier and the first President of the United States

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  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) German polymath and philosopher prominent in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy

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  Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) King of Sweden credited as the founder of Sweden as a Great Power

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  Henri de La Tour d’Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne (1611-1675) French Marshal General who gained a reputation as one of the greatest generals in modern history

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  Henri François d’Aguesseau (1668-1751) Chancellor of France three times between 1717 and 1750

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  Hernan Cortes (1485-1547) Spanish Conquistador who’s expedition caused the fall of the Aztec Empire which began the Spanish colonization of the Americas

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  Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) Dutch Jurist

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  Jacques Auguste de Thou (1553-1617) French historian, book collector and president of the Parlement de Paris

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  Jacques-Bénigne Lignel Bossuet (1627-1704) French bishop, theologian and court preacher to Louis XIV of France

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  James Bradley (1693-1762) English astronomer and priest who served as Astronomer Royal from 1742, succeeding Edmond Halley

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  James Brindley (1716-1772) English engineer

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  James Watt (1736-1819) Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist

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  Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre (1749-1822) French mathematician, astronomer and director of the Paris Observatory

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  Jean-Baptiste Colbert (1619-1683) French politician who served as the Minister of Finances of France under the rule of King Louis XIV

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  Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, known as Molière (1622-1673) French playwright, actor and poet, widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the French language

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  Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Genevan philosopher, writer and composer whose political philosophy influenced the progress of the Enlightenment throughout Europe

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  Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) English philosopher, jurist, and social reformer

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  Jeremy Taylor (1613–1667) cleric in the Church of England who achieved fame as an author during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell

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  Johan de Witt (1625-1672) a major figure in Dutch politics in the mid-17th century, during the Dutch Golden Age

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  Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805) German poet, philosopher, physician, historian and playwright

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  Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) German writer and statesman whose works include four novels, epic and lyric poetry, prose and verse drama

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  John Calvin, French reformer (1509-1564)

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  John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (1650-1722) English soldier and statesman who served five monarchs

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  John Flaxman R.A. (1755-1826) British sculptor, draughtsman, and a leading figure in Neoclassicism

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  John Hampden (c1595-1643) English parliamentarian known for his refusal to be taxed for ship money

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  John Harrison (1693-1776) self-educated English carpenter and clockmaker who invented a marine chronometer which solved the problem of calculating longitude while at sea

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  John Knox (c1514-1572) Scottish Reformer, Historian

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  John Locke FRS (1632-1704) English philosopher and physician commonly known as the ‘Father of Liberalism’

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  John Milton (1608-1674) English poet, polemicist, and civil servant during the Commonwealth

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  John Selden (1584-1654) English jurist and a scholar of England’s ancient laws and constitution

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  John Wesley (1703-1791) English cleric and theologian who, with his brother Charles and fellow cleric George Whitefield, founded Methodism

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  John Wycliffe (1320s-1384) English scholastic philosopher, theologian, Biblical translator, reformer, priest and a seminary professor at the University of Oxford

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  Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) Anglo-Irish satirist, essayist, political pamphleteer, poet and cleric who became Dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin

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  Joseph Addison (1672-1719) English essayist, poet, playwright, politician and co-founder of the magazine The Tatler

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  Joseph Black MD (1728-1799) Scottish physician and chemist

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  Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) French religious leader, scholar and Classical historian

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  Joseph Priestley FRS (1733-1804) English natural philosopher, chemist, multi-subject educator and liberal political theorist

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  King William III (1650-702) widely known as William of Orange was King of England from 1689 until his death in 1702

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  Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor and scientist

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  Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer

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  Lorenzo de’ Medici (1449-1492) Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic and the most powerful and enthusiastic patron of Renaissance culture in Italy

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  Ludovico Ariosto (1474 -1533) Italian poet, best known as the author of the romance epic Orlando Furioso (1516)

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  Madame de Stael (1766-1817) French woman of letters of Genevan origin

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  Marcantonio Raimondi (c1470-c1534) Italian engraver, known for being the first important printmaker whose body of work consists largely of prints copying paintings

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  Maximilien de Béthune, 1st Duke of Sully (1560-1641) nobleman, soldier, statesman, and right-hand man to Henry IV of France

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  Michel de l’Hôpital (1507-1573) French statesman

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  Michel de Montaigne (1533-c1595) one of the most significant philosophers of the French Renaissance, known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre

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  Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance

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  Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) Spanish writer of Don Qixote, his masterpiece, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world’s pre-eminent novelists

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  Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) French statesman, military leader and emperor

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  Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) leading painter of the classical French Baroque style

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  Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe which placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the centre of the universe

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  Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) English military and political leader, regicide and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland

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  Philip Melanchthon (1497-1560) German collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation and intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation

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  Pierre Corneille (1606-1684) French tragedian, generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine

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  Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603)

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  Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance

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  René Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist dubbed the father of modern Western philosophy

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  Richard Porson (1759-1808) English classical scholar who was the discoverer of Porson’s Law

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  Robert William Boyle (1627-1691) Anglo-Irish natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor

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  Saint Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556) Spanish Basque priest and theologian, who founded the Society of Jesus

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  Samuel Johnson (1709-1784) English writer who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer

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  Sarah Siddons, née Kemble (1755-1831) Welsh-born actress, the best-known tragedienne of the 18th century

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  Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633-1707) French military engineer known for his skill in fortifications

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  Simón Bolívar, The Liberator (1783-1830) Venezuelan soldier and statesman who led the revolutions against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of New Granada

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  Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) highly acclaimed English architect, astronomer and mathematician-physicist

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  Sir Edward Coke (1552-1634) English barrister, judge, politician, and jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras

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  Sir Francis Drake (c1540-1596) English sea captain and privateer of the Elizabethan era

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  Sir Humphry Davy PRS MRIA FGS FRS (1778-1829) Cornish chemist best known for, among many other achievments, inventing the new field of electrochemistry

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  Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) English mathematician, astronomer, theologian and physicist

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  Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences

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  Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) English portrait painter and founder and first president of the Royal Academy, London

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  Sir Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution

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  Sir Samuel Romilly (1757-1818) British legal reformer and abolitionist

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  Sir Walter Raleigh (1554-1618) English landed gentleman, writer, poet, soldier, politician, courtier, spy and explorer

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  Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832) Scottish historical novelist, playwright, poet and lawyer

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  Sir William Jones (1746-1794) Anglo-Welsh philologist and scholar of ancient India

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  The Abbé Charles-Michel de l’Épée (1712-1789) philanthropic educator of 18th-century France, known as the ‘Father of the Deaf’

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  The Rev Dr Nevil Maskelyne (1732-1811) British Astronomer Royal from 1765 to 1811 and the first person to scientifically measure the weight of the planet Earth

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  Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) English philosopher, considered one of the founders of modern political philosophy who is best known for his 1651 book Leviathan

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  Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) American Founding Father and principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later the third President of the United States

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  Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) English physician and medical author known as ‘The English Hippocrates’

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  William Cowper (1731-1800) very popular English poet, hymnodist and forerunner of the Romantic poets

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  William Harvey (1578-1657) physician who first described the systemic circulation of blood by the heart

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  William Murray 1st Earl of Mansfield (1705-1793) Scottish nobleman, barrister, politician and judge

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  William Penn (1644-1718) an English nobleman, writer, early Quaker and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania

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  William Pitt the Younger (1759-1806) prominent British Tory statesman who became the youngest British prime minister in 1783 at the age of 24

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  William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (1708-1778) British statesman of the Whig group who also served as Prime Minister

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  William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language

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  William Wilberforce (1759-1833) English politician and leader of the movement to stop the slave trade

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  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) prolific and influential Austrian composer of the Classical era

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