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‘La Triste Heritiere’ (The Sad Heiress), Anne St John, Countess of Rochester (1614-1696) wife of Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (1612-1658)
‘La Triste Heritiere’, Anne St John, Countess of Rochester (1614-1696) wife of Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (1612-1658)
A Few of the F.S.A’s – The Antiquaries
Abraham Bloemaert (1566-1651) Dutch painter and printmaker in etching and engraving
Abraham Bloemaert (1566-1651) Dutch painter and printmaker, in etching and engraving, who painted mostly history subjects and landscapes
Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London
Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London
Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London
Abraham Darcie (fl. 1623–1635) author and translator
Abraham van Diepenbeeck (1596-1675) was Dutch painter of the Flemish School
Achille Etna Michallon (1796–1822) was a French painter of great promise who died at the age of 25 of pneumonia
Adam de Coster (c1586-1643 in Antwerp) Flemish painter and a prominent member of the Antwerp Caravaggisti
Adam Elsheimer (1578-1610) German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two
Adam Smith (1723-1790) Scottish economist, philosopher, author and moral philosopher
Adam van Noort (c1561-1641) Flemish painter, draughtsman and a teacher of Peter Paul Rubens
Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport (1726-1814) an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars
Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport (1726-1814) an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars
Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel (1725-1786) Royal Navy officer and politician who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty
Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel (1725-1786) Royal Navy officer and politician who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty
Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth (1757-1833) British naval officer who served in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars
Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney (1718-1792) best known for his commands in the American Revolutionary War
Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney (1718-1792) best known for his commands in the American Revolutionary War
Admiral John Byng (1704-1757) a British Royal Navy officer who was court-martialled for failing to prevent Minorca from falling to the French and executed by firing squad
Admiral of the Fleet Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke (1705-1781) Royal Navy officer who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty
Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (1735-1823) Royal Navy officer and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom
Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (1735-1823) Royal Navy officer and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom
Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (1726-1799) British naval officer during the War of the Austrian Succession, The Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Leake (1656-1720) a Royal Navy officer and later a politician who, as a junior officer, saw action at the Battle of Texel during the Third Anglo-Dutch War
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Leake (1656-1720) Royal Navy officer and politician
Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood (1724-1816) Royal Navy officer during the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War
Admiral Sir Charles Saunders (c1715-1775) a Royal Navy officer who commanded HMS Gloucester and led her in action at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747
Adriaen Brouwer (c 1605-1638) Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the 17th century
Adriaen Brouwer (c 1605-1638) Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the 17th century
Adriaen van Ostade (1610-1685) Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works, showing everyday life of ordinary men and women
Adriaen van Stalbempt (1580–1662) Flemish painter and printmaker
Aelbert Cuyp (1620-1691) a leading Dutch Golden Age painter, producing mainly landscapes
Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa (c1453-1515) a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman who served as Governor of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515
Agnolo (Angelo) Ambrogini (1454-1494) commonly known by his nickname Poliziano was an Italian classical scholar and poet of the Florentine Renaissance
Agostino Carracci (1557-1602) Italian painter, printmaker, tapestry designer, and art teacher
Alaric Alexander Watts (1797-1864) British poet, journalist and conservative writer whose life was dedicated to newspaper creation and editing
Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)
Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)
Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)
Albertus Magnus (c1200-1280) also known as Saint Albert the Great, German Catholic Dominican friar, philosopher and bishop
Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance
Albrecht Dürer the Elder (1427–1502) the artist’s father aged 70
Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777) Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and poet often referred to as the ‘Father of modern physiology’
Alcaeus of Mytilene (c625-c580 BC) lyric poet from the Greek island of Lesbos
Aldus Pius Manutius (c1449-1515) an Italian humanist, scholar, educator, and the founder of the Aldine Press whose enchiridia, small portable books, revolutionized personal reading
Alessandro Bonvicino known as Il Moretto da Brescia (c1498-1554) Italian Renaissance painter from Brescia, where he also mostly worked
Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (c1445-1510) known as Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance
Alethea Howard (nee Talbot), Countess of Arundel (1585-1654) wife of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel
Alexander Briant, Jesuit priest executed in London in 1581
Alexander Henderson (1583-1646) Scottish theologian, one time minister at Leuchars and important ecclesiastical statesman of his period
Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (1582-1661) Scottish soldier and Lord General of the Army of the Covenanters
Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer
Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer
Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer
Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) King of Macedon, by age thirty, had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India
Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer
Alfred Guillaume Gabriel Grimod d’Orsay, comte d’Orsay (1801-1852) French amateur artist, dandy, and man of fashion
Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy (1602-1668) English Parliamentary military leader
Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy (1602-1668) English Parliamentary military leader
Algernon Sidney (1623-1683) English politician, republican political theorist and member of the middle part of the Long Parliament
Algernon Sidney (1623-1683) English politician, republican political theorist and member of the middle part of the Long Parliament
Allan Cunningham (1784-1842) Scottish poet and author of ‘Lives of Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects’. He also brought out an edition of poems by Robert Burns
Allan Ramsay (1686–1758) Scottish poet, playwright, publisher, librarian, wig-maker father of the portrait painter Allan Ramsay
Ambrose Dudley 3rd Earl of Warwick (c1530-1590) English nobleman, general and elder brother of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester
Ambrose Philips (1674-1749) English poet and politician
Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512) an Italian-born merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term “America” is derived
Anacreon (c582-c485 BC) Greek lyric poet, notable for his drinking songs and erotic poems
Andrea del Castagno (c1419-1457) Italian painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone
Andrea del Sarto (1486-1530) Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism
Andrea del Sarto (1486-1530) Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism
Andrea del Verrocchio (c1435-1488) Italian painter, sculptor and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence
Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (c1308-1368) better known as Orcagna, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect active in Florence
Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi (1466-1560) a Genoese statesman, condottiero and admiral, playing a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime
Andrea Mantegna (c1431-1506) Italian painter, a student of Roman archaeology and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini
Andrea Palladio (1508-1580) influential Italian architect active in the Republic of Venice
Andrea Sacchi (1599-1661) Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism, active in Rome
Andrea Schiavone (c1510:15-1563) Italian Renaissance painter and etcher, born in Croatia, active mainly in the city of Venice
Andrea Tafi (1213-1294) Italian artist, best known for his work on the mosaics of the Baptistery in Florence
Andreas de Nole (1598-1638) Flemish sculptor born in Antwerp
Andrew Boorde (c1490-1549) English traveller, physician and writer
Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) English metaphysical poet, satirist and politician who was a colleague and friend of John Milton during the Commonwealth period
André Dacier (1651-1722) French classical scholar and editor of texts
Angelica Kaufmann RA (1741-1807) Swiss Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome
Ann Bill (d.1621) wife of John Bill, printer to King James I of England
Anna Maria Hall (1800-1881) Irish novelist who often published as “Mrs. S. C. Hall” and married Samuel Carter Hall, a writer on art, who described her in Retrospect of a Long Life, from 1815 to 1883
Anne (née de Vere), Lady Fairfax (1617-1665) the wife of Thomas Fairfax, commander-in-chief of the New Model Army
Anne 2nd Daughter of Sir Walter Scott
Anne Carr, Countess of Bedford (1615-1684) the wealthy wife of William Russell, 5th Earl of Bedford and daughter of the notorious Frances Howard who was an accomplice to murder
Anne Hamilton (1639-1695) Countess of Southesk wife of Robert Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Southesk
Anne Hamilton (1639-1695) Countess of Southesk wife of Robert Carnegie, 3rd Earl of Southesk
Anne Hyde (1637-1671) Duchess of York and of Albany, first wife of King James II
Anne Hyde (1637-1671) Duchess of York and of Albany, first wife of King James II
Anne Hyde (1637-1671) Duchess of York and of Albany, first wife of King James II
Anne Hyde (1637-1671) Duchess of York and of Albany, first wife of King James II
Anne Le Fèvre Dacier (1647-1720) French scholar, translator, commentator and editor of the classics
Anne of Austria (1601-1666) Habsburg archduchess, queen of France as the wife of Louis XIII and mother of Louis XIV
Anne of Austria (1601-1666) Habsburg archduchess, queen of France as the wife of Louis XIII and mother of Louis XIV
Anne of Denmark (1574-1619) queen of James VI
Anne of Denmark (1574-1619) queen of James VI
Anne of Denmark (1574-1619) wife of James VI
Anne Rutherford, mother of Sir Walter Scott
Anne Scott (1651-1732) 1st Duchess of Buccleuch and also Duchess of Monmouth
Anne Temple (d. 1718) Maid of Honour to Queen Catherine of Braganza who became Lady Lyttleton as the second wife to Sir Charles Lyttleton (1628-1716)
Anne Temple (d. 1718) Maid of Honour to Queen Catherine of Braganza who became Lady Lyttleton as the second wife to Sir Charles Lyttleton (1628-1716)
Anne, Duke of Montmorency, Honorary Knight of the Garter (1493-1567) a French soldier, statesman and diplomat who became Marshal of France and Constable of France and served five kings.
Annibale Caracci (1560-1609) Italian Baroque artist
Annibale Carracci (1560-1609) Italian painter active in Bologna and later in Rome
Anthonis Mor, also known as Anthony More (c1517-1577) Netherlandish portrait painter, much in demand by the courts of Europe
Anthonis Mor, also known as Anthony More (c1517-1577) Netherlandish portrait painter, much in demand by the courts of Europe
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683) English politician during the Interregnum and the reign of Charles II and a founder of the Whig party
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683) English politician during the Interregnum and the reign of Charles II and a founder of the Whig party
Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury (1621-1683) English politician during the Interregnum and the reign of Charles II and a founder of the Whig party
Antisthenes (c446-c366 BC) a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates who first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent disciple of Socrates
Antoine (or Anthony) Hamilton, comte (c1645-1719) Irish born soldier and writer most famous for ‘Mémoires du comte de Grammont’
Antoine (or Anthony) Hamilton, comte (c1645-1719) Irish born soldier and writer most famous for ‘Mémoires du comte de Gramont’
Antoine (or Anthony) Hamilton, comte (c1645-1719) Irish-born soldier and writer most famous for ‘Mémoires du comte de Grammont’
Antoine Coypel (1661-1722) French painter, pastellist, engraver, decorative designer and draughtsman
Antoine III Agénor de Gramont, Duke of Gramont (1604-1678) French military commander and diplomat who served as Marshal of France from 1641, Viceroy of Navarre and Béarn, and Governor of Bayonne
Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835) French painter of historical subjects who studied under Jacques-Louis David in Paris
Antonio Allegri da Correggio, known as Correggio (1489-1534) the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance
Antonio Allegri da Correggio, known as Correggio (1489-1534) the foremost painter of the Parma school of the High Italian Renaissance
Antonio de Tassis (1584-1651) Flemish soldier who later became a canon in Antwerp Cathedral
Antonio del Pollaiuolo (1429:1433-1498) Italian painter, sculptor, engraver, and goldsmith during the Italian Renaissance
Antonio Tempesta (1555-1630) Italian painter and engraver, whose art acted as a point of connection between Baroque Rome and the culture of Antwerp
Antonio Veneziano (c1369-c1419) Italian painter and student of Taddeo Gaddi worked mainly in Siena, Florence and Pisa
Apollonius of Tyana (c3 BC-c97 AD) a Greek Neopythagorean philosopher from Tyana in the Roman province of Cappadocia in Anatolia whose biography was written by Philostratus
Apuleius (c124-c170) a Latin-language prose writer, Platonist philosopher and rhetorician who was from Madauros, Numidia , modern Algeria
Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, 10th Earl of Argyll (1658-1703) was a Scottish peer, the son of Archibald Campbell, 9th Earl of Argyll
Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll (1607-1661) Scottish nobleman, politician, and peer
Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll (1607-1661) Scottish nobleman, politician, and peer
Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, 8th Earl of Argyll (1607-1661) Scottish nobleman, politician, and peer
Aristippus of Cyrene (c435-c356 BC) a one time pupil of Socrates and the founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy
Aristomachus of Soli, an ancient Greek who wrote on the culture of bees
Aristophanes (c446-c386 BC) comic playwright of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy, eleven of whose forty plays survive virtually complete
Aristotle (384-322 BC) a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece who was taught by Plato and was the founder of the Lyceum
Arnold Houbraken (1660-1719) Dutch painter and writer, known mainly as a biographer of Dutch Golden Age painters
Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey (1614-1686) Anglo-Irish royalist statesman who served as Lord Privy Seal between 1673 and 1682 for Charles II
Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell (1608-1649) was an English politician and one of the chief Royalist leaders
Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell (1608-1649) was an English politician and one of the chief Royalist leaders
Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell (1608-1649) was an English politician and one of the chief Royalist leaders
Arthur Murphy (1727-1805) barrister, journalist, actor, biographer, translator and playwright of Irish origin, raised and lived in London
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1769-1852) Anglo-Irish soldier, Tory statesman and one of the leading military and political figures of his time, serving twice as Prime Minister
Arthur Wolfe, 1st Viscount Kilwarden (1739-1803) Anglo-Irish peer, politician and judge, who held office as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland
Atahualpa (c1502-1533) the last Inca Emperor before the Spanish conquest ended his reign
Athanasius I of Alexandria (c296-373) was the 20th bishop of Alexandria, a Christian theologian, a Church Father, the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism
Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (1627-1703) a Royalist during the English Civil War
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue (1761-1819) German dramatist and writer who also worked as a consul in Russia and Germany
Augustine of Hippo (354-430) also known as St Augustine, was a theologian, philosopher, and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa
Aulus Persius Flaccus (34-62 AD) Roman poet and satirist of Etruscan origin
Barbara van Beck (1629-1668) entrepreneur and celebrity whose face and much of her body were covered with hair (hypertrichosis or Ambras syndrome). She appeared in London in 1655 and 1668
Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Castlemaine (1640-1709), was an English mistress of King Charles II
Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, Countess of Castlemaine (1640-1709), was an English mistress of King Charles II
Barthélemy d’Herbelot de Molainville (1625-1695) was a French Orientalist
Bartholomaeus Pitiscus (1561-1613) German trigonometrist, astronomer and theologian
Bartolomeo Sacchi (1421-1481) known as Platina after his birthplace Piadena and commonly referred to in English as Bartolomeo Platina, was an Italian Renaissance humanist writer and gastronomist
Bartolommeo (or Baccio) Bandinelli, actually Bartolommeo Brandini (1493-1560) Renaissance Italian sculptor, draughtsman, and painter
Basil Fielding, 2nd Earl of Denbigh (1608-1675)
Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great (330-379) was an East Roman bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor
Bathsua Reginald Makin (c1600-c1675) teacher who was referred to as England’s most learned lady and argued primarily for the equal right of women and girls to obtain an education
Bede (c672-735), also known as Saint Bede, The Venerable Bede, was an English Benedictine monk at the monastery of St. Peter in the Kingdom of Northumbria of the Angles
Beilby Porteus (1731-1809) Bishop of London and leading abolitionist in England
Ben Jonson (1572-1637) English playwright, poet, actor and literary critic
Benjamin “Ben” Jonson (1572-1637) English playwright and poet best known for his satirical plays
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881) British statesman of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and also a successful novelist
Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (1804-1881) British statesman of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and also a successful novelist
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) a Founding Father of the United States, scientist, statesman and diplomat
Benjamin Hewling (1663-1685), Executed executed at Lyme Regis for participation in Monmouth’s rebellion
Benjamin West, PRA (1738-1820) British-American artist who painted many famous historical scenes
Benjamin “Ben” Jonson (1572-1637) English playwright and poet best known for his satirical plays
Benozzo Gozzoli (c1421-1497) Italian Renaissance painter from Florence, best known for the Magi Chapel murals in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
Benvenuto Tisi, or Il Garofalo (1481-1559) Late-Renaissance-Mannerist Italian painter of the School of Ferrara
Bernard van Orley (c1487-1541) versatile Flemish artist representative of Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting, equally active as a designer of tapestries
Bon Boullogne (1649-1717) French painter of mythological and religious scenes
Bonifacio Veronese (1487-1553) Italian Renaissance painter who was active in the Venetian Republic
Callisthenes of Olynthus (c360-327 BC) well-connected Greek historian in Macedon, who accompanied Alexander the Great during his Asiatic expedition
Captain James Cook (1728-1779) British explorer, navigator, cartographer
Captain James Cook (1728-1779) British explorer, navigator, cartographer
Captain Thomas Coram (c1668-1751) philanthropist who created the London Foundling Hospital
Cardinal David Beaton (1494-1546) Archbishop of St Andrews
Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV
Cardinal Jules Mazarin (1602-1661) was an Italian cardinal, diplomat, and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV
Cardinal Reginald Pole (1500-1558) last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury
Cardinal Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, (1585-642)
Cardinal Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, (1585-642)
Cardinal Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, (1585-642)
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473-1530) Lord Chancellor and cardinal of the Catholic Church
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473-1530) Lord Chancellor and cardinal of the Catholic Church
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473-1530) Lord Chancellor and cardinal of the Catholic Church
Cardinal Thomas Wolsey (1473-1530) Lord Chancellor and cardinal of the Catholic Church
Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who formalised the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature
Carl Maria von Weber (1786-1826) German composer, conductor, virtuoso pianist, guitarist, and critic
Carle Vernet (1758-1836) French painter known for his horses, caricatures and later, battle scenes
Carlo Dolci (1616-1686) Italian painter of the Baroque period active mainly in Florence
Carlo Maratta (1625-1713) Italian painter, active mostly in Rome, and known for his paintings executed in a Late Baroque Classical manner
Carlo Maratti (1625-1713) Italian painter in the late baroque manner, active mostly in Rome
Carneades (c214–c129 BC) an Academic Skeptic philosopher born in Cyrene who, by the year 159 BC, had started to refute all previous dogmatic doctrines, especially Stoicism
Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Norton (née Sheridan 1808-1877) English social reformer and author active in the early and mid-nineteenth century
Catherine de’ Medici (1519-1589) an Italian noblewoman who was also queen consort of France from 1547 until 1559, by marriage to King Henry II
Catherine II (1729-1796) known as Catherine the Great, was empress regnant of All Russia from 1762 until 1796
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Catherine of Braganza (1638-1705) Portuguese Queen consort of King Charles II
Charlemagne (748-814) King of the Franks, the Lombards and from 800 AD, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy (1516-1544) English courtier and patron of learning
Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy (1562-1606) created Earl of Devonshire in 1603
Charles Bonnet (1720-1793) Naturalist and philosophical writer, born in Geneva, and responsible for coining the term phyllotaxis to describe the arrangement of leaves on a plant
Charles Brandon (c1484-1545) 1st Duke of Suffolk
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1484-1545)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk (1484-1545) and his wife Mary (1496-1533) sister of Henry VIII
Charles Churchill (1732-1764) English poet and satirist
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (1738-1805) British Army officer, colonial administrator and one of the leading British generals in the American Revolutionary War
Charles Cotton (1630-1687) English poet and writer, best known for translating the work of Michel de Montaigne from French
Charles de Marguetel de Saint-Denis, seigneur de Saint-Évremond (1613-1703) French soldier, hedonist, essayist and literary critic who, after 1661, lived in exile, mainly in England
Charles de Marguetel de Saint-Denis, seigneur de Saint-Évremond (1613-1703) French soldier, hedonist, essayist and literary critic who, after 1661, lived in exile, mainly in England
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) English writer and social critic who is regarded by many as the greatest novelist of the Victorian era
Charles Fleetwood (c1618-1692) Lieutenant General in the Parliamentary army and politician
Charles Fleetwood (c1618-1692) Lieutenant General in the Parliamentary army and politician
Charles Fleetwood (c1618-1692) Lieutenant General in the Parliamentary army and politician
Charles Gerard 1st Earl of Macclesfield (1618-1694) English aristocrat, Royalist soldier and courtier
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1536-1624) English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1536-1624) English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham (1536-1624) English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I
Charles James Fox (1749-1806) prominent British Whig statesman who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger
Charles James Fox (1749-1806) prominent British Whig statesman who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger
Charles James Fox (1749-1806) prominent British Whig statesman who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger
Charles James Fox (1749-1806) prominent British Whig statesman who was the arch-rival of William Pitt the Younger
Charles Lamb (1775-1834) English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his Essays of Elia
Charles Le Brun (1619-1690) French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a court painter to Louis XI
Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754-1838) Prince of Talleyrand, was a laicized French bishop, politician, and diplomat
Charles Molloy Westmacott (1788-1868) British journalist and author, editor of The Age, the leading Sunday newspaper of the early 1830s
Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax (1661-1715) English poet and statesman who was rewarded in 1694 for having devised the establishment of the Bank of England
Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and 1st Earl of Monmouth (1658-1735) English nobleman and military leader
Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and 1st Earl of Monmouth (1658-1735) English nobleman and military leader
Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough and 1st Earl of Monmouth (1658-1735) English nobleman and military leader
Charles Patin (1633-1693) a French physician and numismatist, son of Guy Patin, dean of the school of medicine in Paris, and a friend of Jacob Spon
Charles Paulet, 1st Duke of Bolton (1630-1699) English nobleman, the son of John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester
Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden (1714-1794) English lawyer and judge who was a leading proponent of civil liberties, championing the rights of the jury
Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden (1714-1794) English lawyer and judge who was a leading proponent of civil liberties, championing the rights of the jury
Charles Rollin (1661-1741) French historian and educator
Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset and 1st Earl of Middlesex (1643-1706) was an English poet and courtier to Charles II
Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset and 1st Earl of Middlesex (1643-1706) was an English poet and courtier to Charles II
Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset (1662-1748) British peer known as The Proud Duke who rebuilt Petworth House in Sussex, the ancient Percy seat inherited from his wife
Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639-1672) 12th Seigneur d’Aubigny in France, was an English nobleman of Franco-Scottish ancestry
Charles Talbot, 1st Baron Talbot (1685-1737) British lawyer, politician and Lord Chancellor
Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury (1660-1718) English politician who was one of the Immortal Seven group that invited William III, Prince of Orange to depose King James II
Charles V (1500-1558) Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556 and King of Spain from 1516 to 1556
Charles VI Holy Roman Emperor (1685-1740) and Pretender to the throne of Spain as Charles III
Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730-1782) British Whig statesman, who served two terms as Prime Minister of Great Britain
Charles-André van Loo (1705-1765) French painter, son of the painter Louis-Abraham van Loo
Charles-Antoine Coypel (1694-1752) French painter, art commentator, playwright and court painter to the Louis XV
Charlotte Charpentier, wife of Sir Walter Scott
Charlotte de La Trémoille, Countess of Derby (1599-1664) wife of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby
Christina (1626-1689) Queen of Sweden from 1632 when she succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus and ruled the Swedish Empire from the age of 18 until her abdication in 1654
Christine Marie, Madame Royale (1606-1663) second daughter of Henry IV of France
Christoph (Keller) Cellarius (1638-1707) a German classical scholar from Schmalkalden who held positions in Weimar and Halle
Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) German composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) an Italian explorer and navigator whose four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean opened the way for European exploration of the Americas
Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) an Italian explorer and navigator whose four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean opened the way for European exploration of the Americas
Chrysippus of Soli (c279-c206 BC) a Greek Stoic philosopher a native of Soli, Cilicia, but moved to Athens as a young man, where he became a pupil of Cleanthes in the Stoic school
Cimabue (c1240-1302) Italian painter from Florence, one of the first to break from the Italo-Byzantine style
Cimon (c510-450 BC) was an Athenian statesman and general in mid-5th century BC Greece, the son of Miltiades, the victor of the Battle of Marathon
Claude Fleury (1640-1723) French priest, jurist, and ecclesiastical historian
Claude Lefèbvre (1632-1675) French painter and engraver
Claude Lorrain (c1600-1682) French painter and draughtsman of the Baroque era
Claude Lorrain, born Claude Gellé (c1600-1682) French landscape painter and draughtsman of the Baroque era
Claude Saumaise (1588-1653) also known by the Latin name Claudius Salmasius, was a French classical scholar
Claude-Joseph Vernet (17141789) French painter
Colonel Becley from a drawing by Bullfinch in the Royal Collection
Colonel John Hewson (died 1662) regicide
Constantine Henry Phipps, 2nd Earl of Mulgrave (1797-1863) British Whig politician and author who served as Home Secretary and also British Ambassador to France
Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem (1562-1638) Dutch painter and draughtsman, a leading Northern Mannerist artists in the Netherlands
Cornelis de Witt (1623-1672) was a Dutch politician and older brother of Johan
Cornelis Maartenszoon Tromp (1629 -1691) a Dutch naval officer who served as lieutenant-admiral general in the Dutch Navy, and briefly as a general admiral in the Royal Danish Navy
Cornelis Schut (1597-1655) Flemish painter, draughtsman, engraver and tapestry designer
Cornelis Schut (1597-1655) Flemish painter, engraver and tapestry designer
Cornelis van der Geest (1575-1638) Antwerp spice merchant, who used his wealth to support local artists and to establish his art collection
Cosimo de Medici (1389-1464) an Italian banker and politician who established the Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance
Cristofano Allori (1577-1621) Italian painter of the late Florentine Mannerist school
Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, 7th Earl of Winchilsea (1647-1730) English Tory statesman and Secretary of State
Daniel Heinsius (or Heins) (1580-1655) one of the most famous scholars of the Dutch Renaissance
Daniel Maclise (1806-1870) Irish history painter, literary and portrait painter, and illustrator, who worked for most of his life in London
Daniel Mytens (c1590-1648) Dutch portrait painter working in England
Daniel Mytens (c1590-1648) Dutch portrait painter working in England
Daniel O’Connell (1775-1847) Irish political leader who campaigned for Catholic emancipation. Richard Lalor Sheil (1791-1851), Irish politician, writer and orator and one of O’Connell’s leading supporters
Daniel Seghers (1590-1661) was a Flemish Jesuit brother and painter who specialized in flower still lifes
Daniel, Oliver Cromwell’s porter, who suffered from “excessive religious enthusiasm” and was admitted to Bethlem in 1656
Daniele Ricciarelli, known as Daniele da Volterra (c1509-1566) Mannerist Italian painter, sculptor and associate of Michelangelo
Dante Alighieri (c1265-1321) Italian poet whose Divine Comedy is widely considered the most important poem of the Middle Ages
David Garrick (1717-1779) English actor, playwright, theatre manager and producer
David Hume (1711-1776) Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist
David Hume (1711-1776) Scottish Enlightenment philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist
David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark (c1600-1682) cavalry officer in the English and Scottish Civil Wars
David Macbeth Moir (1798-1851) Scottish physician and writer from Musselburgh who was a regular contributor to Blackwood’s Magazine in Edinburgh
David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690) Flemish Baroque painter, printmaker, draughtsman and miniaturist painter
David Teniers the Younger (1610-1690) Flemish Baroque painter, printmaker, draughtsman and miniaturist painter
David Wilkie RA (1785-1841) Scottish painter
Death of King James VI of Scotland and I of England (1566-1625)
Demetrios Chalkokondyles (1423-1511) an eminent Greek scholar, taught in Italy for over forty years and published the first printed publications of Homer in 1488
Democritus (c460-c370 BC) an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe
Denis Pétau (1583-1652) also known as Dionysius Petavius, was a French Jesuit theologian
Denzil Holles (1599-1680) English statesman and one of the Five Members of Parliament whom Charles I failed to arrest thereby starting the English Civil War
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher
Diego Velázquez (1599-1660) Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal
Diogenes (c412-323 BC) a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy, born in Sinope, an Ionian colony on the Black Sea coast of Asia Minor, and died at Corinth
Dionysius Lardner (1793-1859) Irish professor of natural philosophy and astronomy at University College, London and scientific writer who popularised science and technology
Dionysius the Renegade (c330-c250 BC) also known as Dionysius of Heraclea, a Stoic philosopher and pupil of Zeno of Citium who abandoned Stoicism later in life
dmiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (1726-1799) British naval officer during the War of the Austrian Succession, The Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War
Domenico Ghirlandaio (1448-1494) Italian Renaissance painter who became part of the so-called “third generation” of the Florentine Renaissance
Dominic Collins, Irish Jesuit priest executed in London in 1602
Don Giovanni de’ Medici (1567-1621) the illegitimate son of Duke Cosimo I de’ Medici, who became an Italian military commander, diplomat and architect
Dorothy Sidney, Countess of Sunderland (1617-1684) wife of Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland, and the daughter of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, and Lady Dorothy Percy
Dorothy Wadham (c1535-1618) wife of Nicholas Wadham (1531-1609) and as his widow in pursuance of his wishes, was the foundress of Wadham College, Oxford
Dr. John Armstrong (1709-1779) Physician, poet and satirist, the son of the minister of Castleton, Roxburghshire
Dr. John Armstrong (1709-1779) Physician, poet and satirist, the son of the minister of Castleton, Roxburghshire
Duccio di Buoninsegna (c1255-c1319) Italian painter considered one of the greatest Italian painters of the Middle Ages
Edmund Burke MP (1730-1797) Irish author, orator and political theorist
Edmund Burke MP (1730-1797) Irish author, orator and political theorist
Edmund Lodge (1756–1839) Herald, English officer of arms and a compiler of short biographies
Edmund Lodge (1756–1839) Herald, English officer of arms and a compiler of short biographies
Edmund Ludlow (c1617-1692) an English parliamentarian, best known for his involvement in the execution of Charles I, and for his Memoirs, which were published posthumously
Edmund Spenser (c1552-1599) English poet best known for his epic poem The Faerie Queene
Edmund Spenser (c1552-1599) English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I
Edmund Waller (1606-1687) English poet and long-serving Member of the English Parliament
Edmund Waller (1606-1687) English poet and long-serving Member of the English Parliament
Edward Bruce, 1st Lord Kinloss (1548-1611) Scottish lawyer and judge
Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (c.1527-1556)
Edward Fiennes de Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln (1512-1585) English nobleman and Lord High Admiral
Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (1803-1873) English writer and politician who served as an MP for 25 years, first as a Whig then Conservative
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) English historian, writer and Member of Parliament
Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) English historian, writer and Member of Parliament
Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1582-1648) Anglo-Welsh soldier, diplomat, historian, poet and religious philosopher
Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury (1582-1648) Anglo-Welsh soldier, diplomat, historian, poet and religious philosopher
Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II
Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II
Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II
Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II
Edward Hyde 1st Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674) English statesman and Lord Chancellor to King Charles II
Edward Law, 1st Baron Ellenborough (1750-1818) English judge and Attorney General who became Lord Chief Justice
Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Lyttleton (1589-1645) from Munslow in Shropshire, Chief Justice of North Wales who argued against John Hampden in the case over Ship Money
Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (1625-1672) English landowner, Infantry officer and later a naval officer, politician and diplomat
Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester (1602-1671) Parliamentary commander in the English Civil War and one time Oliver Cromwell’s superior
Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester (1602-1671) Parliamentary commander in the English Civil War and one time Oliver Cromwell’s superior
Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester (1602-1671) Parliamentary commander in the English Civil War and one time Oliver Cromwell’s superior
Edward Moore (1712-1757) English dramatist and miscellaneous writer, the son of a dissenting minister at Abingdon, Berkshire
Edward North, 1st Baron North (c1496-1564) English lawyer, politician and Clerk of the Parliaments
Edward Proger (c1621-1713) Member of Parliament for Breconshire, Page of Honour to King Charles I, Groom of the Bedchamber for King Charles II
Edward Reynolds (1599-1676) Bishop of Norwich in the Church of England and an author
Edward Russell, 1st Earl of Orford (1653-1727) Admiral of the Fleet
Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset (1591-1652) Royalist soldier
Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset (1591-1652) Royalist soldier
Edward Sackville, 4th Earl of Dorset (1591-1652) Royalist soldier
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1500-1552) Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew, King Edward VI
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1500-1552) Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew, King Edward VI
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1500-1552) Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew, King Edward VI
Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (1500-1552) Lord Protector of England during the minority of his nephew, King Edward VI
Edward Somerset, 2nd Marquess of Worcester (1603-1667) English nobleman involved in royalist politics, and an inventor
Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (1550-1628) English aristocrat and important advisor to King James I, serving as Lord Privy Seal
Edward Thurlow, 1st Baron Thurlow (1731-1806) British lawyer and Tory politician who served as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain for fourteen years and under four Prime Ministers
Edward Young (1683-1765) English poet, best remembered for Night-Thoughts his philosophical writings, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements
Edward Young (1683-1765) English poet, best remembered for Night-Thoughts his philosophical writings, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements
Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) English Antiquarian and Collector
Elijah Fenton (1683-1730) English poet, biographer and translator
Elisabeth of the Palatinate (1618-1680) or Elisabeth of Bohemia, the eldest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine and Elizabeth Stuart
Elizabeth Butler, Countess of Chesterfield (1640-1665) Irish-born courtier at the court of Charles II and later the second wife of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield
Elizabeth Butler, Countess of Chesterfield (1640-1665) the Irish-born second wife of Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield
Elizabeth Cecil, Countess of Devonshire (1619-1689) wife of William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire
Elizabeth Hamilton, afterwards Lady Grammont (1641-1708) Irish-born courtier at the Restoration court of Charles II
Elizabeth Hamilton, later Lady Grammont (1641-1708) Irish-born courtier at the Restoration court of Charles II
Elizabeth Hamilton, later Lady Grammont (1641-1708) Irish-born courtier at the Restoration court of Charles II
Elizabeth of York, Queen of Henry VII (1466-1503) the daughter of Edward IV and mother of Henry VIII
Elizabeth of York, Queen of Henry VII (1466-1503) the daughter of Edward IV and mother of Henry VIII
Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662) eldest daughter of James VI and I and Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia
Elizabeth Stuart (1596-1662) Electress of the Palatinate and briefly Queen of Bohemia
Elizabeth Stuart, Lady Mowbray (1610–1674) wife of Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel and daughter of Esme Stuart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579-1624)
Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory (1635-1688) born Æmilia van Nassau-Beverweerd, an Anglo-Dutch courtier at the court of Charles II
Emilia Butler, Countess of Ossory (1635-1688) born Æmilia van Nassau-Beverweerd, an Anglo-Dutch courtier at the court of Charles II
Epiphanius of Petra , also called Epiphanius of Syria, was a sophist and rhetorician at Athens in the first half of the fourth century AD
Erasmus Robert Darwin FRS (1731-1802) English physician, inventor, poet, one of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment and Grandfather of Charles Darwin
Erycius Puteanus (1574-1646) Flemish humanist author
Euphemia de Ross (d1386) Queen of Robert II
Euripides (c480-c406 BC) along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full
Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (1755-1842) French portrait painter, especially of women
Fabius Rusticus (died c108 AD) a Roman historian who was quoted on several occasions by Tacitus who also described him as a close friend of Seneca
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba, Grandee of Spain, (1537-1583) a commander in the Spanish army during the Eighty Years’ War
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809-1847) German composer, pianist, organist and conductor
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy (1809-1847) German composer, pianist, organist and conductor
Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth
Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1584-1648) Parliamentary commander in the English Civil War
Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron (1584-1648) Parliamentary commander in the English Civil War
Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio (1562-1635) Spanish playwright, poet, and novelist
Field Marshal Colin Campbell (1792-1863) 1st Baron Clyde
Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst (1717-1797) British Army officer, Commander-in-Chief of the Forces and first British Governor General of the Canadian territories
Filippino Lippi (1457-1504) Italian painter working in Florence, during the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance
Filippo Lippi (c1406-1469) Italian painter of the Quattrocento (15th century) and a Carmelite Priest
Filippo Lippi (c1406-1469) Italian painter of the Quattrocento (15th century) and a Carmelite Priest
Flavio Biondo (Latin Flavius Blondus) (1392-1463) an Italian Renaissance humanist historian who was one of the first historians to use a three-period division of history – Ancient, Medieval, Modern
Fra Angelico (c1395-1455) Italian painter of the Early Renaissance, described by Vasari as having “a rare and perfect talent”
Fra Bartolomeo della Porta (1472-1517) Italian Renaissance painter of religious subjects
Frances Brooke afterward Lady Whitmore (died 1690) married Sir Thomas Whitmore (1643–1682)
Frances Brooke afterward Lady Whitmore (died 1690) married Sir Thomas Whitmore (1643–1682)
Frances Howard, Countess of Somerset (1590-1632)
Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (1578-1639) her second husband was Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond
Frances Howard, Duchess of Richmond (1578-1639) her second husband was Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond
Frances Jennings, Duchess of Tyrconnell (1647-1730) sister of Sarah Jennings and second wife of Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (1630–1691) Irish politician, courtier and soldier
Frances Jennings, Duchess of Tyrconnell (1647-1730) sister of Sarah Jennings and second wife of Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (1630–1691) Irish politician, courtier and soldier
Frances Teresa Stewart Duchess of Richmond and Lennox (1647-1702) wife of Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639-1672)
Frances Teresa Stewart Duchess of Richmond and Lennox (1647-1702) wife of Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639-1672)
Frances Teresa Stewart Duchess of Richmond and Lennox (1647-1702) wife of Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639-1672)
Frances Teresa Stewart Duchess of Richmond and Lennox (1647-1702) wife of Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639-1672)
Frances Walsingham, Countess of Essex and Countess of Clanricarde (1567-1633)
Francesco Corbetta (c1615-1681) was an Italian guitar virtuoso, teacher and composer
Francesco Francia, born Francesco Raibolini (1447-1517) Italian painter, goldsmith, medallist and also director of Bologna city mint
Francesco Primaticcio (1504-1570) Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who, born in Bologna, spent most of his career in France
Francesco Raibolini, also known as Francesco Francia (1447-1517) Italian painter, goldsmith, and medallist from Bologna
Francis Atterbury (1663-1732) Bishop of Rochester, High Church Tory and Jacobite
Francis Atterbury (1663-1732) Bishop of Rochester, High Church Tory and Jacobite
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561-1626) English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561-1626) English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban (1561-1626) English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author
Francis Beaumont (1584-1616) dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher
Francis Beaumont (1584-1616) dramatist in the English Renaissance theatre, most famous for his collaborations with John Fletcher
Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere (1800-1857) British politician, writer, traveller and patron of the arts
Francis I (1494-1547) first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois
Francis II (1544-1560) was Dauphin, then King of France from 1559 to 1560 and also King consort of Scotland with Mary Queen of Scots
Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (1637-1685) eminent lawyer who became Lord Keeper of the Great Seal
Francis Place (1771-1854) English social reformer active in the early chartist movement and later opponent of the Corn Laws
Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford (c1527-1585) English nobleman, soldier, and politician
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (1593-1641) English nobleman and politician
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (1593-1641) English nobleman and politician
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (1593-1641) English nobleman and politician
Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford (1765-1802) English aristocrat and Whig politician, responsible for much of the development of central Bloomsbury
Francis Snyders (1579-1657) Flemish painter of animals, hunting scenes, market scenes and still lifes
Francis, 1st Baron Cottington (c1579-1652) English diplomat and Lord Treasurer
Francis, 1st Baron Cottington (c1579-1652) English diplomat and Lord Treasurer
Francis, Duke of Guise (1519-1563) a French general, politician and a prominent leader during the French Wars of Religion
Francisco de Zurbarán (1598-1664) Spanish painter known primarily for his religious paintings and for his still-lifes
Francisco Pizarro González (c1471-1541) a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru
Franciscus Franck (1580-1642) Flemish artist
Franciscus Pagius, English Jesuit priest excuted at Tyburn in 1602
François Boucher (1703-1770) French painter, draughtsman and etcher, who worked in the Rococo style
François Clouet (1510-1572) French Renaissance miniaturist and painter, known for his detailed portraits of the French ruling family
François de Troy (1645-1730) French painter and engraver who became principal painter to King James II in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye
François Eudes de Mézeray (1610-1683) French historian
François Fénelon (1651-1715) French Catholic archbishop, theologian, poet and writer remembered mostly as the author of The Adventures of Telemachus
François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, Duke of Luxembourg (1628-1695) was a French general, Marshal of France and a comrade and successor of the Great Condé
Frans Burman (1628-1679) Reformed minister who became professor at Utrecht University
Frans Hals (c1582-1666) Dutch Golden Age painter, of individual and group portraits and of genre works
Frans van Mieris the Elder (1635–1681) Dutch painter
Frans van Mieris, the elder (1635-1681) Dutch Golden Age genre and portrait painter
Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Austrian composer of the Classical period
Franz Peter Schubert (1797-1828) Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras
Frederick Barbarossa (1122-1190) the Holy Roman Emperor from 1155 until his death
Frederick Cornwallis 1st Baron Cornwallis (1610-1662) English peer, MP and Privy Counsellor
Frederick II or Frederick the Great (1712-1786) was King in Prussia
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (1732-1792) Tory politician known as Lord North was Prime Minister of Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War
Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (1732-1792) Tory politician known as Lord North was Prime Minister of Great Britain through most of the American Revolutionary War
Frederick V (1596-1632) Elector Palatine of the Rhine and King of Bohemia
Frederick, 1st Duke of Schomberg (1615-1690) General in the British and Portuguese Army who was killed at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690
Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724-1803) German poet whose best known work is the epic poem Der Messias (“The Messiah”)
Friedrich Spanheim the elder (1600-1649) a Calvinistic theology professor at the University of Leiden and father of Ezekiel Spanheim
Fulke Greville 1st Baron Brooke (1554-1628) Elizabethan poet, dramatist, and statesman
Gaddo Gaddi (c1260-1333) Painter and mosaicist of Florence in a Gothic art style
Gaius Marius (c157-86 BC) a Roman general, politician, and statesman, who held the office of consul an unprecedented seven times during his career
Gaius Sallustius Crispus, usually known as Sallust (86-c35 BC) was a Roman historian and politician from an Italian plebeian family
Gaspar de Crayer (1584-1669) Flemish painter of many Counter-Reformation altarpieces and portraits
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher (1742 1819) Prussian field marshal who led his army against Napoleon I at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig in 1813 and the Battle of Waterloo in 1815
Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343-1400) the ‘Father of English literature’
Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343-1400) the ‘Father of English literature’
Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343-1400) the ‘Father of English literature’
Geoffrey Chaucer (c1343-1400) the ‘Father of English literature’
George Abbot (1562-1633) Archbishop of Canterbury Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin
George Abbot (1562-1633) Archbishop of Canterbury Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin
George Abbot (1562-1633) Archbishop of Canterbury Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin
George Anson (1697-1762) 1st Baron Anson, Admiral of the Fleet, was a junior officer during the War of the Spanish Succession
George Anson, Baron Anson, (1697-1762) British admiral whose four-year voyage around the world is one of the great tales of naval heroism
George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield (1717-1790) Scottish officer of the British Army who served in three major wars during the 18th century
George Augustus Frederick FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794-1842) English peer and soldier, the eldest illegitimate son of King William IV
George Berkeley (1685-1753) Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland, who advanced a theory he called “immaterialism” later termed “subjective idealism”
George Buchanan (1506–1582) Scottish historian and humanist scholar
George Buchanan (1506–1582) Scottish historian and humanist scholar
George Buchanan (1506–1582) Scottish historian and humanist scholar
George Byng (1663-1733) 1st Viscount Torrington, Admiral of the Fleet, as a lieutenant, delivered a letter from the captains to Prince William of Orange at Torbay, assuring of the captains’ support
George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington (1663-1733) Admiral of the Fleet and statesman
George Carew 1st Earl of Totnes (1555-1629) served under Elizabeth I during the Tudor conquest of Ireland and appointed President of Munster
George Clifford (1558-1605) 3rd Earl of Cumberland, English peer and naval commander
George Cruikshank (1792-1878) British caricaturist and book illustrator whose book illustrations for his friend Charles Dickens, and many other authors, reached an international audience
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1612-1677) English Royalist politician and MP
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1612-1677) English Royalist politician and MP
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1612-1677) English Royalist politician and MP
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1612-1677) English Royalist politician and MP
George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol (1612-1677) English Royalist politician and MP
George Fox (1624-1691) English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends
George Frederick Handel (1685-1759) German, later British, baroque composer
George Frederick Handel (1685-1759) German, later British, baroque composer
George Frederick Handel (1685-1759) German, later British, baroque composer
George Gascoigne (c1535-1577) English poet and soldier considered the most important poet of the early Elizabethan era
George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Huntly (1592-1649) Scottish nobleman and leading politician
George Goring, Lord Goring (1608-1657) English Royalist soldier who was the eldest son of the first Earl of Norwich
George Granville, 1st Baron Lansdowne (1666-1735) of Stowe, Cornwall, was an English Tory MP, playright and poet
George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney (1666-1737) Scottish nobleman and British Field Marshal
George Heriot (1563-1624) Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist who is remembered today as founder of George Heriot’s School
George Lesley of Monymusk, who became a Capuchin (Franciscan) monk known as Father Archangel of Aberdeen

‘La Triste Heritiere’ (The Sad Heiress), Anne St John, Countess of Rochester (1614-1696) wife of Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (1612-1658)

‘La Triste Heritiere’, Anne St John, Countess of Rochester (1614-1696) wife of Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester (1612-1658)

A Few of the F.S.A’s – The Antiquaries

Abraham Bloemaert (1566-1651) Dutch painter and printmaker in etching and engraving

Abraham Bloemaert (1566-1651) Dutch painter and printmaker, in etching and engraving, who painted mostly history subjects and landscapes

Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London

Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London

Abraham Cowley (1618-1667) one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, born in the City of London

Abraham Darcie (fl. 1623–1635) author and translator

Abraham van Diepenbeeck (1596-1675) was Dutch painter of the Flemish School

Achille Etna Michallon (1796–1822) was a French painter of great promise who died at the age of 25 of pneumonia

Adam de Coster (c1586-1643 in Antwerp) Flemish painter and a prominent member of the Antwerp Caravaggisti

Adam Elsheimer (1578-1610) German artist working in Rome, who died at only thirty-two

Adam Smith (1723-1790) Scottish economist, philosopher, author and moral philosopher

Adam van Noort (c1561-1641) Flemish painter, draughtsman and a teacher of Peter Paul Rubens

Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport (1726-1814) an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars

Admiral Alexander Hood, 1st Viscount Bridport (1726-1814) an officer of the British Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars

Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel (1725-1786) Royal Navy officer and politician who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty

Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel (1725-1786) Royal Navy officer and politician who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty

Admiral Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth (1757-1833) British naval officer who served in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars

Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney (1718-1792) best known for his commands in the American Revolutionary War

Admiral George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney (1718-1792) best known for his commands in the American Revolutionary War

Admiral John Byng (1704-1757) a British Royal Navy officer who was court-martialled for failing to prevent Minorca from falling to the French and executed by firing squad

Admiral of the Fleet Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke (1705-1781) Royal Navy officer who also served as First Lord of the Admiralty

Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (1735-1823) Royal Navy officer and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom

Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (1735-1823) Royal Navy officer and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom

Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (1726-1799) British naval officer during the War of the Austrian Succession, The Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War

Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Leake (1656-1720) a Royal Navy officer and later a politician who, as a junior officer, saw action at the Battle of Texel during the Third Anglo-Dutch War

Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Leake (1656-1720) Royal Navy officer and politician

Admiral Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood (1724-1816) Royal Navy officer during the War of the Austrian Succession, the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War

Admiral Sir Charles Saunders (c1715-1775) a Royal Navy officer who commanded HMS Gloucester and led her in action at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in 1747

Adriaen Brouwer (c 1605-1638) Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the 17th century

Adriaen Brouwer (c 1605-1638) Flemish painter active in Flanders and the Dutch Republic in the 17th century

Adriaen van Ostade (1610-1685) Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works, showing everyday life of ordinary men and women

Adriaen van Stalbempt (1580–1662) Flemish painter and printmaker

Aelbert Cuyp (1620-1691) a leading Dutch Golden Age painter, producing mainly landscapes

Afonso de Albuquerque, 1st Duke of Goa (c1453-1515) a Portuguese general, admiral, and statesman who served as Governor of Portuguese India from 1509 to 1515

Agnolo (Angelo) Ambrogini (1454-1494) commonly known by his nickname Poliziano was an Italian classical scholar and poet of the Florentine Renaissance

Agostino Carracci (1557-1602) Italian painter, printmaker, tapestry designer, and art teacher

Alaric Alexander Watts (1797-1864) British poet, journalist and conservative writer whose life was dedicated to newspaper creation and editing

Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)

Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)

Albert de Ligne, Count of Arenberg, Prince of Brabançon (1600-1674)

Albertus Magnus (c1200-1280) also known as Saint Albert the Great, German Catholic Dominican friar, philosopher and bishop

Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance

Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) painter, printmaker, and theorist of the German Renaissance

Albrecht Dürer the Elder (1427–1502) the artist’s father aged 70

Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777) Swiss anatomist, physiologist, and poet often referred to as the ‘Father of modern physiology’

Alcaeus of Mytilene (c625-c580 BC) lyric poet from the Greek island of Lesbos

Aldus Pius Manutius (c1449-1515) an Italian humanist, scholar, educator, and the founder of the Aldine Press whose enchiridia, small portable books, revolutionized personal reading

Alessandro Bonvicino known as Il Moretto da Brescia (c1498-1554) Italian Renaissance painter from Brescia, where he also mostly worked

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (c1445-1510) known as Sandro Botticelli was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance

Alethea Howard (nee Talbot), Countess of Arundel (1585-1654) wife of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel

Alexander Briant, Jesuit priest executed in London in 1581

Alexander Henderson (1583-1646) Scottish theologian, one time minister at Leuchars and important ecclesiastical statesman of his period

Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven (1582-1661) Scottish soldier and Lord General of the Army of the Covenanters

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer

Alexander Pope (1688-1744) 18th-century English poet and translator of Homer

Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) King of Macedon, by age thirty, had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India

Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) Prussian geographer, naturalist, explorer

Alfred Guillaume Gabriel Grimod d’Orsay, comte d’Orsay (1801-1852) French amateur artist, dandy, and man of fashion

Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy (1602-1668) English Parliamentary military leader

Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland, 4th Baron Percy (1602-1668) English Parliamentary military leader

Algernon Sidney (1623-1683) English politician, republican political theorist and member of the middle part of the Long Parliament

Algernon Sidney (1623-1683) English politician, republican political theorist and member of the middle part of the Long Parliament

Allan Cunningham (1784-1842) Scottish poet and author of ‘Lives of Eminent British Painters, Sculptors, and Architects’. He also brought out an edition of poems by Robert Burns

Allan Ramsay (1686–1758) Scottish poet, playwright, publisher, librarian, wig-maker father of the portrait painter Allan Ramsay

Ambrose Dudley 3rd Earl of Warwick (c1530-1590) English nobleman, general and elder brother of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester

Ambrose Philips (1674-1749) English poet and politician

Amerigo Vespucci (1451-1512) an Italian-born merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term “America” is derived

Anacreon (c582-c485 BC) Greek lyric poet, notable for his drinking songs and erotic poems

Andrea del Castagno (c1419-1457) Italian painter from Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone

Andrea del Sarto (1486-1530) Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism

Andrea del Sarto (1486-1530) Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism

Andrea del Verrocchio (c1435-1488) Italian painter, sculptor and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence

Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (c1308-1368) better known as Orcagna, was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect active in Florence

Andrea Doria, Prince of Melfi (1466-1560) a Genoese statesman, condottiero and admiral, playing a key role in the Republic of Genoa during his lifetime

Andrea Mantegna (c1431-1506) Italian painter, a student of Roman archaeology and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini